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Although home-schoolers have won their freedom to teach their children at home in every state, one issue continues to be a problem. It’s whether parents should be allowed to teach their children how to drive.

Despite the freedom to teach every other subject at home, parents in most states are forbidden to teach classroom driver’s education. (Maryland does not allow parents to teach the classroom portion of driver’s education, but Virginia does. The District has no classroom requirement.)

HSLDA strongly supports the position that since parents are able to teach all the other subjects and parents are responsible for the well-being and safety of their children, they also should have the right to teach their own children the classroom part of driver’s education.

It was not always this way. In the 1940s and ’50s, parents were the primary driver’s education teachers for their children. In the 1960s and ’70s, the focus shifted to school-taught driver’s education programs. This shift was made in the hopes of assisting teenagers with their driving skills and tests. However, this has not improved teenage driving safety.

More 16-year-old drivers are dying in vehicle crashes than ever before, even though the number of traffic deaths has declined among the driving population in general. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, in 2006, 6,964 people were killed in crashes involving drivers age 16 to 20, and 3,374 drivers age 16 to 20 were killed in 2005.

The crash risk is particularly high during the first year a teenager is eligible for a driver’s license. The problem is worse in the United States than in many other countries because we allow teenagers to get driver’s licenses at an earlier age, and licenses are inexpensive and easy to obtain.

If there’s a better method of training teens to drive, shouldn’t parents be allowed to make that choice?

In October 2000, the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs conducted a research project on the effectiveness of parent-taught driver’s training. In comparing teens who had completed a National Driver Training Institute parent-taught driver’s education program with National Insurance Co. statistics for teen drivers, the study found the parent-taught teens had fewer speeding tickets, fewer accidents, fewer tickets for driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs and fewer traffic fatalities.

The insurance industry and many state legislatures have been moving toward a system of graduated driver’s licenses, in which a student has certain restrictions imposed — they must drive with an adult in the car, for example — until they reach a certain age. The requirement for driver’s education has been maintained in many states as part of this program. Also, due to financial challenges, many public schools are dropping their driver’s education programs. This forces parents to pay for commercial driving schools when they could just do the job themselves.

If you live in a state that doesn’t provide for parent-taught driver’s education, the only way to change the law is through the legislature. At a time when our country needs to see more parent-child interaction, parent-taught education is the right step to encourage more quality time for parents with their teens.

We have no doubt the effectiveness of parent-taught driver’s education will become evident because of the same principles that make home-schooling successful academically. The tutorial method with the low student-teacher ratio and individualized instruction produces outstanding results.

The bottom line is that no one cares more about the safety of their children than the parent as no one has more to lose than the parent when a child is ill-prepared to receive a driver’s license.

If you would like to see your state adopt parent-taught driver’s education as an option, contact HSLDA at 540/338-5600 or www.hslda.org.

• Michael Smith is the president of the Home School Legal Defense Association. http://washingtontimes.com/news/2009/may/17/home-schooling-choice-sought-driver-training/

An open letter from Wayne Tully

We have asked hundreds of parents if they understand auto insurance with regards to their teenager and if they comprehend the limits of liability they must bear when they sign for their teen to obtain a license. The following article addresses those issues and has been the subject of many of our radio talk shows. Most parents will add their teenager to the family auto insurance policy after the teenager obtains a junior (or restricted) driver license. There are some auto insurance carriers who will charge insurance for a teen’s instruction permit, however, most will not. If your insurance carrier does charge for coverage on a teen’s instruction permit, this might be a good time for you to look for another carrier. Do you qualify for a discount? Rules vary from state to state and from insurance company to company. I have witnessed insurance discounts from $200.00 to $1,200.00 per year. Discounts could include driver education, good student, good credit, good driving records, Home School Legal Defense Association (HSLDA) discounts, zip code discounts, preferred customer discounts, and changing carrier discounts to name a few. Different carriers give different discounts but the one thing you can count on is this: one of the big ten will beat your present carrier by 25%.

Families seeking to find discounts through their carriers usually hear statements like these:

  • “Let me look into your request”
  • “This driver education program is not on our approved list”
  • “We are giving you the best rate we can at this time”

More than likely, you will not hear that a driver education discount for your new teen driver is designed to repay you for the driver education course you have purchased at the average rate of $10.00 per month. By design, if you enroll in a driver education course for $350.00, your discount will pay for that course in about 35 months (3 years) provided you do not receive any traffic violations or accidents. The typical driver education discount is designed with this formula in mind. If a teen is convicted of a traffic violation or an accident is charged against him, not only is the discount over, the insurance cost for the new driver increases. Some insurance carriers will drop all of your family’s coverage if you receive multiple traffic violations or accidents. If your parents cover your insurance cost and have signed an affidavit of liability at your local driver license office or state DMV, DPS, or DVM, please consider the following: You have agreed and accepted responsibility to pay all costs including legal fees for any vehicle crash or accident caused by the new driver. After the deductible, most of this cost is covered by your insurance policy. If you caused the crash due to negligence and someone is killed, you probably do not have enough insurance to cover the liability. This could be a result of speeding, running a traffic light (or stop sign), driving under the influence of a controlled substance, or even allowing a friend to drive the car just one time. The average family coverage is $100,000 to $500,000 of comprehensive. A fatal crash (whether directly or indirectly your fault) could exceed your family insurance limits and your home could be the source of payment. Be aware, your insurance agent will explain to you that homeowners insurance will not carry over to your auto. Furthermore, the cost could exceed your auto coverage and the value of your home. It could reach into your parent’s income for years to come. This is a very serious commitment your family is about to make. An auto umbrella policy might be an option that could reduce the monthly cost of the new driver’s premium. I recommend that you shop around for an umbrella policy that is cost effective. Ask about an umbrella policy for your family and new teen driver. Policies can include $250,000, $500,000 and $1,000,000. The average cost for a $1,000,000 policy is about $350.00 per year. This is a great investment and protection for any family with a new driver, including my own.

The next time someone asks your parents “are you concerned about your teens driving?” They can reply, “I wouldn’t bet the family farm on it.” Most families do, and they don’t even know it. We have included a rate comparison worksheet to assist you in your research. If your carrier asks about this driver education program, please direct them to our web site and let them read the research completed about this program. Together we are “Creating a family of safe drivers for life”. We recommend that you first call your family’s insurance agent and conduct the Insurance Agent Interview activity, then try the rate comparison. Your agent can answer questions about shopping for insurance and you will not have to provide any information you are uncomfortable giving. The project is most valuable if you can get information from other companies as well, but some companies may not be willing to participate. It is our hope that, by talking to the friendly voice of an expert, you will feel more confident talking to other insurance agents, and will know the right questions to ask. The next section examines different insurance terms to help you understand what kinds of insurance are available. If you cause a collision, you may be responsible for the losses of the other people involved such as: • Medical and funeral costs, lost wages, and compensation for pain and suffering • Car repair or replacement costs and auto rental • Punitive damages awarded by a court • Attorney fees, if owner is sued If you don’t have insurance, anything of value you own may be taken to pay for these losses. If you have insurance, the insurance company will pay amounts for which you are legally responsible, up to your policy’s type and dollar limits.

The primary objective of this telephone survey is to determine whether graduated driver training programs can save the lives of teenage drivers. The secondary objectives address information that will recognize trends, student demographics and collection of qualitative information identifying the benefits of graduated licensing program. View Full Report

She is eighty-eight years old and still drives her own car.
She writes:

Dear Grand-son,

The other day I went up to our local Christian book store and saw a Honk if you love Jesus bumper sticker. I was feeling particularly sassy that day because I had just came from a thrilling choir performance, followed by a thunderous prayer meeting. So, I bought the sticker and put it on my bumper.
Boy, am I glad I did, what an uplifting experience that followed. I was stopped at a red light at a busy intersection, just lost in thought about the Lord and how good he is, and I didn’t notice that the light had changed. It is a good thing someone else loves Jesus because if he hadn’t honked, I’d never have noticed. I found that lots of people love Jesus!
While I was sitting there, the guy behind started honking like crazy, and then he leaned out of his window and screamed, For the love of God! Go! Go! Go! Jesus Christ, GO! What an exuberant cheerleader he was for Jesus! Everyone started honking! I just leaned out my window and started waving and smiling at all those loving people. I even honked my horn a few times to share in the love! There must have been a man from Florida back there because I heard him yelling something about a sunny beach. I saw another guy waving in a funny way with only his middle finger stuck up in the air. I asked my young teenage grandson in the back seat what that meant. He said it was probably a Hawaiian good luck sign or something. Well, I have never met anyone from Hawaii, so I leaned out the window and gave him the good luck sign right back. My grandson burst out laughing. Why even he was enjoying this religious experience!! A couple of the people were so caught up in the joy of the moment that they got out of their cars and started walking towards me. I bet they wanted to pray or ask what church I attended, but this is when I noticed the light had changed. So, I waved at all my brothers and sisters grinning, and drove on through the intersection. I noticed that I was the only car that got through the intersection before the light changed again and felt kind of sad that I had to leave them after all the love we had shared. So I slowed the car down, leaned out the window and gave them all the Hawaiian good luck sign one last time as I drove away.
Praise the Lord for such wonderful folks!!

Will write again soon.
Love,

Grandma

Passing this subject could be the difference between life and death.

You may have figured out that I am re-posting some articles I have previously written regarding driver education. The way the articles orginally panned out, I had mixed the winter driving tips with the second section of “Driver Training” This post concludes the tips for supervising your teen’s driving by introducing some practices you want to avoid.

When speaking of driver education in terms of “Do’s” and “Don’ts”, I am sure some of you parents thought to yourselves, “Do hire a professional and Don’t expect me to teach my teen.” Likewise, there were a few teens who thought, “Do hire an instructor so you Don’t have to yell.” Hopefully, by the end of the article, you considered the possibility that you could, in fact, survive the drive together.

Starting out on a positive note, let’s review the “Do’s”:

Do start with a prayer—even atheists consider prayer when riding with a new driver
Do remain calm—A nervous driver makes mistakes; a calm driver makes fewer mistakes
Do pull over for discussion—I can’t keep my eyes on the road if I have to look at you when you are talking.
Do give positive reinforcement—The mistakes will be obvious, your new driver really needs to hear about what was done correctly.
Do know your teen’s personality—Every person is unique. Teach in a way that is well suited for your teen to learn.
Do enjoy your time together—Tell a joke, dodge a tree, have fun!
Do leave your problems at home—Keep your focus on the task of driving.

Any good “Do’s and Don’ts” list has to have a section of Don’ts. As you train with your teen in the car, avoid the following common mistakes:

Don’t overload your teen. Focus on specific actions to meet specific objectives. For instance, your first session should establish smooth braking, smooth acceleration, and smooth steering. If you are practicing these on private property (as you should), you will not need to emphasize lane management or signaling just yet.

Don’t overload yourself. Pace yourself, you have plenty of time. Sessions should range from 60 to 90 minutes in length. Two hours is too much. Start in low speed/low traffic areas and work your way up.

Don’t get in the car without a plan. You need to know three things before you start:
1. Where are you driving?
2. What skills are you developing?
3. What minimum amount of time are you spending on each skill?

Having said that, your plan should be flexible. Your initial plan acts as a basis for change. If your driver is not ready to practice lane changes, change your plan and work on the preceding essentials.

Don’t keep your plan to yourself. Let your driver know what you intend to practice up front. In another sense, give directions early. Nobody wants surprises on the road; not you nor your teen. A last second, “turn left here” command will inevitably result in a poorly executed left turn into oncoming traffic. It may also require a change of clothes when you get home. Do everyone a favor and give directions early.

Keep these things in mind as you provide your state required 30, 40, or 50 hours of supervised driving. You will still see some grey hairs, but you should also be able to enjoy yourself and strengthen your relationship with your teen.

For more information about parent involvement in driver education and training, I reccommend the National Driver Training Institute; the nation’s premier home-study driver education program.

Passing this subject could be the difference between life and death.

This article was previously posted on my “fun” blog. A litte site maintenance and BAM, I have a serious side too!

Author’s note: Although the bulk of my blog is devoted to recognizing absurdity in today’s culture, life is not all fun and games. Most of my daylight hours are spent in the serious field of driver education. I work with a company that certifies driver education at home. Tragically, we (the United States) have lost thousands upon thousands of teens in motor vehicle collisions. The most important factor in preventing teen collisions and fatalities is parent involvement. In the interest of encouraging parent participation and thereby reducing teen collisions, this article introduces some tips for parents working with thier teens. Mom and Dad, don’t be afraid–You can do it!

Driver training can be pretty scary stuff. I have been in the traffic safety industry for almost 12 years, and I can tell you stories that would make you jump out of your socks. Since obtaining my own driver license almost 20 years ago, I have made it a practice to avoid certain behaviors like driving in lanes designated for oncoming traffic, turning left on red-lights, or zooming through schools zones in excess of 10 miles per hour over the speed limit. Unfortunately, while avoiding these behaviors seems perfectly natural and logical to me, some of the students I have taught do not (initially) feel the same way. Of course, the purpose of driver training is to create safe habits and eliminate dangerous behaviors; in my line of work, some initial measure of unsafe driving is expected—hence the grey hair.

Sometimes parents come to me, whether for training or advice, because they feel overwhelmed by the task of teaching their child in the car. The concerns are pretty consistent, “I need to teach my teen, but I don’t want to die. What can you do to help me?” I am writing this column to address some of the uneasiness that you (as a parent or a teen) may feel about driver training.

Allow me to give you some assurance. First, permits are good (by permit, I am referring to the learner’s permit, instruction permit, driving permit or whatever other designation you may choose). I rarely give advice regarding obtaining a license, but I always counsel families that the permit to drive is a necessary, beneficial, and positive step forward in preparing your adolescent for the responsibility of adulthood. Obtaining a permit is truly a win-win-win situation for the teen, the parent, and the community. In the teen’s eyes, it is an earnest of the freedoms of adulthood that shows parental trust and confidence. From the parent’s perspective it is preparation for the teen’s adult responsibilities, permission to get the teen on the road, and a great motivator for obedience until the young adult moves out. To the community in general, the permit is a contract between the parent and the state that guarantees the new driver will stay off their lawns; the new driver will meet minimum standards for driving and that the parents will meet minimum standards of instruction. Your eyes do not deceive you; the government expects parents to participate in the driver training process.

While the degree to which you must participate varies from state to state, all states expect a measure of parental involvement. They may or may not supplement that parental involvement with professional instruction, but study after study shows the importance of parental involvement in the driver training process and states are listening.

A standard feature in our teaching process includes the use of videos (although we avoid gory presentations). I want to show you a video about current trends in driver licensing, but you will have to wait—if you leave now you will miss some good stuff. . .

Your second assurance, moms and dads are uniquely well qualified to teach their teens. Although there are a few exceptions (like a parent who does not possess a driver license) most parents’ driving resumes would include such qualifications as:

20+ years of driving including: night driving, winter driving, driving in heavy traffic, collision avoidance
15+ years of personal coaching and counseling with the individual to be trained
Intimate familiarity with the vehicle to be driven
Familiarity with the roadways to be driven

When you think about it that way, you can be pretty impressed with yourself. How much would you pay an instructor with the same credentials? No one knows your teen, your car, and your neighborhood better than you. You can do this! With that said, I have some advice to help you along the journey to safe driving habits. We just met, so I am going to keep things positive. Here are some things you want to do:

Do start your session with a prayer.

You both have expectations and you both probably have some trepidation. Invite God to join you in the instruction to provide divine guidance and protection.

Do remain calm.

Your teen driver is already nervous; even if he or she is not showing it. If you appear nervous, you will increase your teen’s anxiety and a nervous wreck is still a wreck. My informal survey reveals that the number one fear of teens is, “mom or dad will yell at me.” The number one parent fear is, “I am going to die or end up in the hospital.” Both of these fears are legitimate. Every time you ride with your teen, affirm the following contract, “I will not yell at you in the car if you will do exactly what I say when I say it.” If you feel you have to yell, pull-over and get out of the car.

Another strategy to reduce nervousness relies on risk management. Our instructors and our curriculum reduce risk by controlling the environment in which we drive. Individuals who have never driven before must practice in a parking lot before they may move on to public streets. A good way to manage risk is to limit driving according to speed. Private property, such as a parking lot, will typically have a speed limit of 10 mph. The new driver should stay in 10 mph conditions until he or she can drive as well as the supervising parents under the same conditions. Once the driver demonstrates enough proficiency to alleviate mom or dad’s fears, graduate to speeds in the 20’s (residential streets). Stay in the 20’s until your teen earns the right to drive in the 30’s . . . and so on until you cover all speeds. If mom or dad is nervous to move to the next level, the driver should not yet graduate out of the current level.

Do pull-over in a discussion

Driving requires a lot of attention in a lot of different places already. If you try to impress an important point on your new driver, the driver must either take some critical attention from the task of driving, or miss what you are trying to say. Have the student pull-over. In this way you emphasize that what you have to say is important and you emphasize that driving without distraction is important. Pulling-over frequently may also help you remain calm (our first “Do”).

Do give positive reinforcement.

Obviously your teen will make some mistakes when learning to drive. I don’t think I need to tell you to correct them. Many instructors, however, forget to reinforce the successes. Make the effort to reinforce good performance with affirmations like, “good smooth braking” or, “great turn.” Positive reinforcement lets your teen know you see improvement. It also reduces your teen’s anxiety (remember the fear of being yelled-at).

Do know your student’s personality.

If you have observed more than one child, you know that each of your children has a unique personality. Work with your teen according to his or her level of maturity, learning ability, and physical coordination.

Do enjoy your time together.

Yes, learning to drive can actually be fun! The teen years pre-packaged with a certain level of tension for each teen. Driving is a golden opportunity to share humor, tell stories of your own learning years, and work together on the common goal of your teen’s success in the car. By the way, positive reinforcement will greatly increase your chances of enjoying your time together.

Do leave your problems at home.

Focus on the task of driving and don’t introduce problem topics like chores, homework, or that troublesome friend down the street. Remember that an emotional wreck is still a wreck. If either the parent or the teen is having a bad day and giving a bad attitude, skip the lesson that day.

Part 2 of this series will introduce some “Don’ts”. In the future I will cover more practical in-car applications and update you on current legislative trends in driver education.

For more information about driver education or the National Driver Training Institute, please visit www.USDriverTraining.com or call toll free 1-800-942-2050.

Earlier, I promised you a video. The production I have posted for you is called Young Drivers: the High Risk Years. Although this is a serious and sober documentary, I promise there is nothing gross or gratuitously shocking. This film is fairly family friendly. It describes the main risks to young drivers and the kinds of measures that the government and families must take to keep young drivers alive. To view the video, direct your browser to:

www.USDriverTraining.com/DriverEdColumn.php

PERSONS REQUIRED TO HAVE CLASSROOM INSTRUCTION:

Comprehensive education

Any person under the age of 16 who wants to obtain a permit in Colorado must first complete a driver education requirment. Comprehensive driver education in Colorado consists of 30 class hours and may be completed in an actual classroom setting or it may be completed at home at the teen’s own pace and time. National Driver Training offers both classroom lecture and home-study programs to allow 15 year olds to obtain a permit.

Driver Awareness

Teens who seek a permit between the ages of 15 and 6 months and 16 years may choose to complete a 4 hour driver awareness lecture instead of comprehensive driver education. These classes are not available online and must be completed in a classroom setting. Although this class may be completed before the student turns 15 and 6 months, the teen will not be eligible for a permit with this class until 15 and 6 months.

Text Messaging?


When five high school cheerleaders in western New York died in an automobile accident after going out to celebrate their graduation, a community was crushed.

Now, authorities say it is possible that the fiery, head-on collision with a tractor trailer may have been caused by a distracted driver sending text messages.

“Cell phones are a distraction and could be a contributing factor in this accident,” said Ontario County Sheriff Phillip Povero.

Cell phone records show a text message was sent from the phone belonging to the driver, Bailey Goodman, at 10:05:52. A reply was sent to her phone at 10:06:29. Thirty-eight seconds later, someone called 911 to report the accident that killed Bailey and her friends.

“Cell phone records indicate the phone was in use,” Povero said. “We’ll never be able to clearly state that she was the one doing the text messages.”

Text messaging may be one of the most dangerous distractions for any driver.

“Clearly, the problem with texting is the same portion of your mind that you need to be using when you’re focusing on the road is the same portion that you’re using when you’re texting,” said Michael Pina of AAA.

For young, inexperienced drivers, texting could be even more dangerous. And yet, 46 percent of teens in a new AAA/Seventeen magazine survey admitted to texting while driving. Fifty-one percent said they talk on cell phones while driving, another distraction.

“I do and it’s very dangerous,” one woman said. “I have these little flashes in my mind of thinking about getting into an accident while I’m doing it.”

Four states have made it illegal to drive and talk on a cell phone without a hands-free device. But so far, only Washington state has enacted a law banning text messaging while driving.

Dr. Charles E. McDaniel

285 Wildwood Lane Boone, North Carolina 28607 828-264-3190

Historically driver education programs have been developed around 30 hours of classroom and 6 hours of behind-the-wheel instruction taught by school-based or commercial driver education teachers. When I, and some of you, learned to drive, these programs were not available so we were taught by our parents, older adults, and / or other family members. Today there are many communities where no driver education program is offered by the local school system or a commercial driving school. Unfortunately, in some of the communities where a formal driving education program is offered, the driver education program and the driving instructors are both inadequate and poorly trained as a result of lax or reduced standards adopted by the state. Fortunately, there are some school-based and/or commercial driving schools that offer quality instruction taught by competent driver education instructors.

In the last several years parent-taught driver education has emerged to fill the void where no formal driver education program was available. Some of these parent-taught programs fall into the same “poor” category as described above. I have examined some of the parent-taught driver education programs. One of the best of these programs is the National Driver Training Institute “Help For the Teenager Who Wants to Drive” program.

The NDTI Program meets the content standards established by ADTSEA and various State Agencies. The NDTI Program far exceeds the number of hours spent in the traditional 30 hours of classroom and 6 hours of behind-the-wheel driving instruction program. The NDTI Program provides a variety of current driver education videos for the students to watch. The NDTI Program also provides a classroom and a behind-the-wheel evaluation program that is more detailed than evaluations normally performed by driver education teachers in school based or commercial driving school programs. The turn around time on test and/or on-road evaluations is consistently much less with a greater percent of the test/evaluations reaching the parents. The NDTI Program has also reached back in time to the 1960’s and 1970’s for a resurrection of the “correlated and intergraded” organization of the driver education classroom and behind-the-wheel instruction.

In the 1960’s the Brevard County, Florida four-phase driver education program was developed around the “correlated and intergraded” format where students received short periods of classroom instruction (3-5 days) followed by simulation, range, and/or behind-the-wheel instruction for several days (5-10 days) etc., until each student had received 30 hours of classroom and 30 hours of behind-the-wheel training or its equivalent.

During this period of time there were several major research studies that utilized the “correlated and intergraded” approach to program organization:

The National Driver Education Study (DeKalb County, Ga) – Dr. Jack Weaver

Driving Range Study (Brevard County, Florida School ) – Dr. Richard Bishop

Four Phase Driver Education Study (Brevard County, Florida schools) – Dr. Tom Seals

Renton, Washington Model Driver Education Study (Renton, Washington) – Dr. Charles E. McDaniel

San Diego, Madison High School Model Drivers Education Study (San Diego, California) – Dr. Tom Seals and Dr. Charles E. McDaniel.

The NDTI “Help For the Teenager Who Wants to Drive” utilizes the “correlated and intergraded” organizational approach. Their approach spreads the driving over a longer period of time and is able to relate the classroom information more closely to the behind-the-wheel instruction. Also the times spent in behind-the-wheel instruction is a documented minimum 50 hours of behind-the-wheel instruction. Current GDL programs, which provide for supervision driving instruction after successful completion of a high school based or a commercial driver education program, generally have very little or no required structure for the GDL experience. The NDTI Program provides both documented times and structure. Until steps are taken to build in required structure and documented time standards, serious consideration should be given to allowing quality parent taught driver education programs like the NDTI to be approved.

Sincerely,

Dr. Charles McDaniel


Corey Reynolds
October 27, 2006

The first snow has come and gone, and with it a few dented bumpers, a lot of white-knuckle driving, some insurance claims, and, unfortunately, at least one fatality.

Driving in winter conditions requires some specific skills and knowledge, and local driver’s education instructors recommend reviewing these skills before the fall of another snowflake.

Their advice is simple: Stay off the road when conditions are poor. If you must drive, slow down, don’t follow too closely, and be prepared.

The top 10 winter driving mistakes:

1. Going out in terrible conditions

The worst winter driving mistake commonly made may just be leaving the house, said Rod Conahan, owner of Conahan’s Driving School.

“It’s going out and driving when winter conditions are so bad that no one should be on the road,” he said.

Steve Williams agrees. Williams is the vice president for operations of the non-profit National Driver Training Institute, based in Colorado Springs, which has graduated 19,000 students since its opening in 2000.

He said road conditions are at their worst the morning after a big snow, since the snow has had a chance to freeze and then begin to melt.

2. Driving too fast for the conditions

It seems like a no-brainer, but many drivers fail to remember that icy roads demand a lower speed.

“If they just slow down a little bit, it would save a lot of problems,” Conahan said.

3. Improper skid recovery

It’s inevitable on icy roads; drivers will probably skid at least once this winter. It’s all in the recovery, the teachers said, and they stressed the importance of letting off the gas or the brake during a skid, though they disagree on what to do with the wheel.

“It’s almost impossible to teach people to turn in the direction of a skid, and not to turn away,” said Jerry Short, co-owner of Anshor Driving School. Short tells students to turn into a skid to regain control.

Williams, however, tells drivers to turn in the direction they’ll want to go.

“If your vehicle is spinning to the right, turning the wheel to the left will put you back in your original path of travel,” he said.

Drivers may have to counter-steer until the vehicle begins to travel in the right direction.

4. Following too closely

Dangerous in all conditions, following too closely in winter conditions is a whole different animal. Stopping distances increase in poor conditions, so rear-end collisions become much more common.

In the winter, the two- or four-second gap drivers keep from the next car should be expanded to six or eight seconds, Short said.

5. Improper vehicle maintenance

Fall is the time to have your vehicle winterized. AAA Colorado recommends that all drivers check their batteries, windshield wipers and fluid, and engine coolant system. The cold weather is hard on auto batteries.

Williams added that worn out wipers and empty wiper fluid tanks can also cause some trouble.

6. Inappropriate braking and accelerating

Stopping on icy roads requires nearly seven times the distance of stopping on clean, dry roads, Williams said, and drivers must remember to slow earlier and use gentler brake pressure.

To stop in poor conditions in a vehicle with anti-lock brakes, hit the brakes with hard, firm pressure, Williams said. The driver may hear a loud rattling noise.

In a car without ABS, drivers should apply the “threshold braking” technique to stop quickly, which means pushing the brakes as firmly as possible without locking the wheels.

7. Misunderstanding vehicle technology

Traction control systems, which apply more power to wheels that are not slipping, and four-wheel drive are often misunderstood, the educators said.

“These technologies will help the prudent driver get out of a sticky situation, but neither of these technologies is designed to allow a driver to drive as though icy roads are actually clean and dry,” Williams said.

8. Using an inappropriate gear

When driving on wet or icy roads, use the lowest gear. Even cars with automatic transmissions have low gear settings, and Williams recommends using these lower gears to navigate sharp hills and curves.

9. Bad tires

Tire pressure and tire tread is critical for safe driving during bad weather, according to AAA Colorado. Check for adequate tread by looking at the wear bars that run across the hollow of the tread. If the tread has been worn down to the level of the wear bar, buy new tires.

10. Forgetting essentials

Many headaches and potentially dangerous situations can be cured with adequate preparation. Every car should have a kit with certain important winter driving items like a blanket, water, jumper cables and a first-aid kit.

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